1. Histopathology
Histopathology is a specialized branch of pathology that examines tissue samples under a microscope to diagnose diseases. Doctors use it to understand the condition of organs and tissues at the cellular level. Tissue samples come from biopsies or surgeries. Experts preserve the samples, process them, and cut them into thin slices. Then, they stain the slices with dyes such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).
Histopathologists examine these slides to find abnormal cells, infections, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. They provide details about the type, grade, and stage of disease. This information helps doctors plan the right treatment and determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant.
Advanced techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), frozen sections, and digital imaging increase diagnostic accuracy. Histopathology also plays a crucial role in organ transplant evaluations, monitoring treatment progress, and supporting medical research. By providing accurate, timely results, it improves patient outcomes and healthcare decisions.